25 Haz 2025 Çarşamba
Tritrophic associations and distribution of Binodoxys Mackauer, Cristicaudus Starý & Remaudière, Fissicaudus Starý & Schlinger and Trioxys Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae: Tioxyni:) in India
Abstract : The genera, Binodoxys Mackauer, Cristicaudus Starý & Remaudière, Fissicaudus Starý & Schlinger and Trioxys Haliday are exclusively aphid parasitoids. Binodoxys Mackauer and Trioxys Haliday are widely distributed and some species have been successfully used in biological control of the aphids worldwide. These genera are grouped in the same subtribe Trioxina under the tribe Trioxini of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Binodoxys species generally parasitise aphids infesting herbaceous plants while Trioxys species parasitise aphids feeding on shrubs and trees. In India, 26 species of Binodoxys and 11 species of Trioxys are recorded parasitising 69 and 29 species of aphids, respectively. Binodoxys is distributed in 19 states/union territory. Binodoxys indicus (Subba Rao & Sharma) is highly polyphagous parasitising 44 aphid species infesting 130 host plants with 187 tritrophic associations (triplets) followed by Binodoxys basicurvus (Shuja-Uddin) (13 aphid species, 16 host plants) and Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall) (11 aphid species, 13 host plants). Trioxys is distributed only in 8 states/union territory. Trioxys rishii Starý & Bhagat is polyphagous parasitising 9 species of aphids followed by Trioxys auctus Haliday which parasitises 3 species of aphids. All the Trioxys species are distributed in only one state or union territory, mostly in Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Most of the tritrophic associations are recorded in Jammu & Kashmir (95 triplets) followed by Bihar (75 triplets), Uttar Pradesh (62 triplets), Meghalaya (48 triplets), Manipur (40 triplets) and less than 30 triplets in other states. Species of these two genera of parasitoids totally utilise 85 species of aphids, of which Aphis craccivora Koch and Aphis gossypii (Glover) each serve as hosts for 7 species of parasitoids. Other species of aphids serve as hosts for 1-5 species of parasitoids. Only three species of Cristicaudus Starý & Remaudière were recorded in 6 states and union territory of northwest and northeast India each infesting 1-3 species of aphids. Only two endemic species of Fissicaudus Starý & Schlinger parasitising Greenidia species are known from northast India.