23 Kas 2024 Cumartesi
Review of chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of xylophagous beetles
Abstract :Xylophagous beetles (XBs) are one of the economically important pests of woody plants especially in the forest ecosystems. Over 89 genera (4.2% of known genera) and 208 species of parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) have been recorded from XBs worldwide. About 264 distinct parasitoid-host associations between Chalcidoidea and XBs were identify. It appears to provide effective control in many cases. XBs are mostly parasitized by species belonging to the chalcidoid families Chalcididae (6%), Encyrtidae (14%), Eulophidae (15%), Eurytomidae (10%), Eupelmidae (11%), Pteromalidae (41%), and rarely by species belonging to other families such as Leucospidae, Mymaridae, Torymidae and Trichogrammatidae. Most of the genera associated with XBs are widely distributed in the same zoogeographical region, while 14 are cosmopolitan. Fourthy genera have limited distributions to a zoogeographical region, of which 70% are found only in the Palaearctic, 17.5% in the Nearctic, and the rest in the Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical and Oriental regions
Xylophagous beetles, Coleoptera, parasitoids, association, Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea