25 Haz 2025 Çarşamba
Diversity and species richness of insect pests and predators found in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields of Northeastern Nigeria
Abstract : This study investigated the diversity and species richness of insect pests and their natural predators in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields across Adamawa, Gombe, and Taraba States in northeastern Nigeria. Groundnut is a vital crop in the region, yet its productivity is severely impacted by insect pests such as aphids (Aphis craccivora) and leafhoppers (Empoasca spp.), which cause significant yield losses. Conversely, natural predators like lady beetles (Coccinellidae) and lacewings (Chrysopidae) offer biological control, reducing the reliance on synthetic pesticides. The study's objectives were to document and identify insect pest species, assess predator diversity, and analyze seasonal variations in species composition and abundance. Field sampling was conducted during the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons using methods such as sweep nets and pitfall traps. Species identification utilized taxonomic keys and expert assistance. Statistical analysis, including the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's diversity indices, revealed significant variability in species richness and abundance among the three states. Gombe exhibited the highest diversity with (25 in 2021 and 26 in 2022), followed by Taraba having (24 in both 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons) and Adamawa with 23 and 25 in 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons respectively. Seasonal shifts in species composition were observed, influenced by climatic factors and agricultural practices. The findings highlighted the ecological dynamics of insect communities in groundnut fields and underscore the importance of biodiversity in enhancing pest management strategies. Recommendations include promoting habitat diversity and conserving natural predators to support sustainable agricultural practices and improve groundnut yields.